Lethal Yellowing | “Huanglonbing” | Grapevine Yellows
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The 4th TROPICSAFE newsletter is out!
This issue includes 12 factsheets on the impact of “huanglongbing”, grapevine yellows, and lethal yellowing on the crops currently being studied within the project.
The content is organized by crop, starting with citrus! Read on to learn what is TROPICSAFE doing to implement the biological control of Trioza erytrae in Europe; which new sustainable citrus fruit production systems are being developed in Guadeloupe and tips for identifying “huanglongbing” and its insect vectors in the field.
In the section on the grapevine, the following content is included: good practices from South Africa on how to manage grapevine yellows; identification of leafhoppers transmitting this disease to grapevines in Chile, and innovative strategies for prevention and management of grapevine yellows under development in Italy.
Information on coconut lethal yellowing screening for resistance and disease management with examples and case studies from Ghana and Jamaica are reported in the last part.
Last but not least, a market analysis and socioeconomic aspects description of the diseases addressed by TROPICSAFE and the links to other relevant initiatives addressing similar problems are reported.
We hope you enjoy this new edition. More information about the project can be found on our website.
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 CITRUS 
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BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF TRIOZA ERYTREAE, VECTOR OF “HUANGLONGBING”
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The main threat to citrus industry has no biological control agents in Europe
TROPICSAFE has initiated a classical biological control program to introduce the parasitoid Tamarixia dryi from South Africa. This parasitoid is the most abundant and effective biological control agent of T. erytreae in Africa and it was introduced in the Canary Islands (Spain)!
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DEVELOPMENT OF SUSTAINABLE CITRUS FRUIT PRODUCTION SYSTEMS
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Restarting a sustainable citrus fruit production sector in Guadeloupe under “Huanglongbing” constraint
The health context related to ‘’huanglongbing’’ is very complicated in Guadeloupe. Only one species tolerant to the disease remains cultivated, the triploid Tahiti lime. The development of innovative and/or low-input technical routes more resilient to the disease remains crucial.
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VISUAL DIAGNOSTIC OF CITRUS “HUANGLONGBING” DISEASE
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How to detect insect vectors and “huanglongbing” in the field?
Symptoms of “huanglongbing” can be easily recognized in the field: asymmetric yellow blotch of leaves, premature leaf fall, deformation of fruits. Leaves may also become thicker, leathery, the midribs and the lateral veins are sometimes enlarged, swollen and corky!
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 GRAPEVINE 
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GRAPEVINE YELLOWS MANAGEMENT IN
SOUTH AFRICA
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Integrated management of aster yellows disease in vineyards
TROPICSAFE aims to develop new solutions to manage grapevine yellows based on improved knowledge of the biology of the associated phytoplasmas and insect vectors, epidemiology, development of reliable, cost-effective detection methods, and exploring crop resistance/tolerance. The results of surveys in South Africa on phytoplasmas in grapevine, alternative host plants and insect vectors have been used to develop new sustainable and eco-friendly management strategies!
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TRANSMISSION OF PHYTOPLASMAS BY LEAFHOPPERS IN CHILE
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Did you know that Paratanus exitiosus and Bergallia valdiviana are able to transmit the 16SrIII-J phytoplasmas to grapevine?
The phytoplasma detection in the plants after transmission trials was obtained after one and two years from the transmission to periwinkle and grapevine plants, respectively. The phytoplasma presence was also detected in Paratanus exitiosus and Bergallia valdiviana used for the transmission assays. Read the results of TROPICSAFE conducted research.
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INNOVATIVE STRATEGIES FOR GRAPEVINE YELLOWS
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TROPICSAFE has identified candidate genetic traits associated with resistance to grapevine yellows
In 2019 a total of 140 plants were caged with phytoplasma infective insects. The identification of genetic traits associated with resistance and susceptibility to grapevine yellows could be exploited to generate grapevine plants resistant to this disease and increasing or eliciting the grapevine yellows resistance.
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 COCONUT PALM
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COCONUT LETHAL YELLOWING RESISTANCE SCREENING AND DISEASE MANAGEMENT
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Learn about the use of lethal yellowing resistant germplasm for the disease management
To develop advanced Integrated Pest Management and new management strategies for lethal yellowing the use of resistant germplasm and therefore the resistance screening are a basic activities carried out by TROPICSAFE. The transfer of lethal yellowing-resistant coconut plantlets to other participating countries is also part of the project to help reducing environmental disease impact. Click below to discover more!
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RESISTANCE TO LETHAL YELLOWING DISEASE IN GHANA
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Assessment of the agronomic potential of promising disease
resistant coconut varieties
Under the framework of TROPICSAFE, resistance to lethal yellowing disease, the agronomic performance of the IBD, NLD, NGBD, SGD, and MGD coconut varieties are being evaluated to identify the best option for fighting this disease of coconut in Ghana.
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MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES FOR COCONUT LETHAL YELLOWING DISEASE IN JAMAICA
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Discover new management practices to stop the spread of the disease in Jamaica
The analysis of the data collected in the framework of the TROPICSAFE project shows a reduction in the number of trees becoming infected in the area where the management strategies are being implemented. The spread of the disease in these areas continues to trend downwards and give renewed hope to small holders in the rural coconut communities in Jamaica.
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MARKET ANALYSIS AND SOCIOECONOMIC ASPECTS
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How “huanglongbing” is affecting the citrus production?
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A general framework of the citrus sector in Cuba, Guadeloupe, and Spain
In Cuba and Guadeloupe, the effect of “huanglongbing” has had consequences on citrus production and commercialization. Spain is not yet affected by the disease, but one of its insect vectors (Trioza erytreae) was found in North-Western Spain in 2014, so the risk of epidemic is very high. Read the factsheet to get all the information!
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Economic importance of grapevine: a sector rich in cultural and traditional values
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A general framework in Chile, Italy, and South Africa
TROPICSAFE evaluates the impact of the solutions proposed to manage grapevine yellows, the phytoplasma-associated diseases considered one of the most important of the world for the grapevine sector.
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The impact of lethal yellowing: one of the most serious diseases affecting coconut in the world!
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A general framework of the coconut sector in Jamaica, Ghana, and Mexico
Coconut is the sixth most cultivated fruit in the world: it is grown in 93 countries, covers 12.3 million hectares, has an annual production of more than 60 billion nuts, and provides a total production value of USD$ 6.5 billion. The focus of the analysis is made on Jamaica, Ghana, and Mexico, where the spread of the disease in the last decades has been responsible for the loss of an overwhelming majority of the coconut production.
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 Preventing HLB epidemics for ensuring citrus survival in Europe
Objective: develop and implement a holistic contingency plan to protect Europe’s citrus sector. It will also co-create new solutions to manage the disease through a multidisciplinary approach, improve current HLB surveillance, contingency and control strategies.
Consortium: 24 partners from Spain, Italy, Portugal, France, Brazil, United Kingdom, China, and Israel
Duration: June 2019 – May 2023
Website: www.prehlb.eu
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